Article Withdrawal

Authors are strongly discouraged from withdrawing submitted manuscripts, as such actions waste valuable resources, including the time and effort invested by editors and referees in processing the submissions, as well as the financial and operational investments made by the publisher.

If an author requests a withdrawal during the review or production process, a penalty of 500 USD per manuscript will be imposed, which must be paid in full to the publisher before the withdrawal can be finalized.

Failure to comply with this policy or refusal to pay the penalty will result in the author and their affiliated institution being blacklisted from submitting to this journal in the future.